Review to the Barriers of Last-Mile Connectivity in Urban Mobility around the Globe | Original Article

ABSTRACT:

Transport heralds the economic development of a region and plays a very crucial role in its urbanization. Urbanization has headed to horizontal development of the cities thus generating problems of urban sprawl, increase of trip lengths and increased demand of private vehicles which adversely impacted on environment. Demand for the public transport sector in Indian cities is increasing continuously. To meet these demands, the Government of India has provided a variety of transportation systems such as the Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS), Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS), and Light Rail Transit System (LRTS) in every major city. However, the potential of offering affordable and convenient last mile connectivity (LMC) from the point where a trip finishes to the point where a public transportation system may be accessed, is mostly ignored and not designed properly, so public transport riders lag behind. The city has failed to provide inhabitants with fast, comfortable, and economical mobility options. In this alarming situation, a rapid paradigm change is required to move people away from private vehicles and toward public transportation. Issues with Last Mile Choice can arise for a variety of reasons, including service reliability, waiting times, the lack of direct feeder bus routes, and cost-effective modal interchange options, as well as the quality and facilities available at transit nodes throughout the city. As a result, public transportation has been relegated to a second or even last choice of mode of transportation. As a result, the number of private vehicles on the road in the city has been steadily increasing.The purpose of this study towards investigate the barriers of last-mile connectivity in urban mobility towards decongestion around the globe to identify the mode preference behavior of passengers for first and last-mile travel to enhance public transportation and improve the physical environment for first-to-last-mile connectivity.