Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Bacterial and Fungal Diversity and Their Bioremediation Potential from Sediments of River Ganga near Patna | Original Article

ABSTRACT:

In this research, we report the presence of bioremediation capacity in the microbial community in terms of relative abundance and taxonomic biodiversity at nine separate sites in sediment samples from the Ganga and Yamuna Rivers, India. Using the TruSeq Nano DNA Library Prep Kit, met genomic libraries were constructed and sequenced by Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology on Next Seq 500. Bioremediation bacteria belong to 45 genera with 92 species and Kaiju taxonomic classification has been used to classify fungi belonging to 13 genera with 24 species. The study showed that, followed by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deinococcus-Thermus, Proteobacteria are the most dominant bacterial flora. PCA analysis showed the bacteria viz. bioremediation. In highly polluted stretches of rivers, Streptomycin bikiniensis, Rhodococcus qingshengii, Bacillus aerophilus, Pseudomonas veronii, etc., were more dominant compared to less polluted stretches of rivers. Likewise, the relative abundance of fungi for bioremediation, viz. The contaminated Kanpur stretch of the Ganga River was significantly associated with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus oryzae, etc. Using protein domain review, several protein domains that play a crucial role in bioremediation in contaminated environments, including the urea ABC transporter, UrtA, UrtD, UrtE, zinccadmiummercurylead-transporting AT Pase, etc., have been identified. The protein domains involved in the biodegradation of pesticides, viz. In river sediment met genomics info, P450, short-chain dehydrogenisesreeducates (SDR), etc. were also discovered. This is the first study on the richness of microbial bioremediation organisms in the river ecosystems of the Ganga and Patna, highlighting their significance in the management of aquatic pollution.