Dr. Arnold Was a Man Widely Known and Respected In the England of the 1830’S, But His Forte Was Rather His Capacity For Leadership, For Teaching and to some Degree For Polemics Rather Than For Profound or Original Thought. the Ideas and Principles He Handed Down to Clough Came to some Extent from Noetics, a Group at Oxford to Which Arnold Had Belonged During the Second Decade of the Century. Noetics Were Intellectuals, Holding High Position In Oxford University, With an Elevation of Character Which Claimed the Respect Even of Their Opponents. Newman (Himself a Former Pupil of Richard Whatley) Founded His Antipathy to the Party on the Grounds That They Were Rationalists. Newman In 1841 Published Tract 90. He Justified His Attempt to Make Anglicanism As Identical As Possible With Roman Catholicism By Saying That Whatever His Work Led, the Position of His Opponents Led to Theism. He Held Rationalism to Be the Great Evil of the Day.