This Hierarchical Vision of Social Diversity Drawson What Sleeter and Grant (1988) Call a "Deficiency Orientation."Problems Exist For Those Who Are "Different" from the Norm--Forlimited English Speakers, Students of Color, and So On. Learners Were Seen Asvarying In the Degree to Which They Differed from the Norm. Respondents Oftendescribed In Apparently Sympathetic Tones The" Victims" Ofdifference, Their Need For Self-Esteem, and a Reaffirmation of Their"Right" to Education.