Analysis of Giving Robust and Ubiquitous Security Support System for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks | Original Article

ABSTRACT:

plastid andmicrosomal membrane fractions from pericarp tissue were analysed at harvest andafter four or 12 days of storage. After 12 days at either 15° or 2°, the ratioof phospholipids (PL) to protein in microsomes declined, with a concomitantincrease in the ratios of total membrane sterols (TMS) and cerebrosides (CB) toPL. The TMS:PL and CB:PL ratios also increased in crude plastid fractions. Inboth microsomes and plastids, free sterols (FS) increased more at 2° than at15°, and hence accounted for a larger percentage of the TMS (FS + acylatedsteryl glycosides + steryl glycosides). The ratio of stigmasterol to sitosterolin all steryl lipids, but particularly in FS, increased more at 15° than at 2°.The unsaturation index of fatty acids in PL and galactolipids generallyincreased slightly during storage at both 15° and 2°. The ratio of phosphatidylethanolamineto phosphatidylcholine increased in both membrane fractions at bothtemperatures. In plastids, the ratio of mono- to digalactosyldiacylglycerolsdeclined substantially at 2° but not at 15°. Plastids andmicrosomal membranes were isolated from pericarp tissue of mature-green andred-ripe bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit harvested from greenhouse- and field-grown plants. The lipidcomposition of these membrane fractions changed much more with ripening offield-grown than greenhouse-grown fruit. Also, the phospholipid (PL), freesterol (FS), steryl glycoside (SG), and acylated steryl glycoside (ASG) contentof microsomes and plastids from green and red fruit were very different underthe two growing conditions. Total steryl lipids (TSL = FS + SG + ASG) and theTSL: PL ratio increased in microsomes and decreased in plastids with ripening.These changes were much greater in field-grown fruit. The ASG : SG ratiodecreased with ripening in both membrane fractions under both growing conditions.Ripening and growth conditions affected the phospholipid and sterol com­positionin plastids much more than in microsomes. Lipid changes associated with thechloroplast to chromoplast transformation were similar in field- andgreenhouse-grown fruit, including an increase in the galactolipid : PL ratio.